This guide is in English for now. The tool itself works in your language.
Nivesh Sahayak App › Help › Accounts and final accounts
Capital, drawings and loans
Money the owner puts into the business is capital; what the owner takes out for personal use is drawings. Loans taken or given are kept apart from income and expenses. Each is saved as a journal entry and reaches the trial balance and balance sheet.
Step by step
- Open Capital and loans. From the menu.
- Pick what happened. Owner puts money in, Owner takes money out, Loan taken, Loan repaid, Loan given or Loan given, paid back to you.
- Fill the form. Date, Owner or partner name (leave empty for one owner; partners type their own name to keep separate capital accounts), amount, Received by / Paid by and a note. A loan asks Loan from (bank or person) and Kind of loan; a repayment splits the Loan amount paid back and the Interest.
- Check the list. The screen lists each capital and loan account with Opening, Added, Reduced and Closing for the chosen period.
Worked example
An EMI of ₹12,500 to the bank: Loan repaid, Loan amount paid back ₹10,400, Interest ₹2,100. The loan goes down by ₹10,400; ₹2,100 is a finance cost in profit and loss.
Rules and dates
A loan or deposit of ₹20,000 or more from or to a person or firm must be taken and repaid by bank transfer, cheque or UPI, not in cash (income-tax rule on cash loans, kept in the Income-tax Act, 2025 from 1 April 2026). The form warns you.
Common mistakes and how to fix them
- Owner's household bills entered as expenses. They are drawings: Owner takes money out.
- The whole EMI as loan repayment. Only the principal reduces the loan. Take the split from the bank's loan statement.